MILWAUKEE, December 7, 2023 – Late December is a popular time for couples to pop the big question, but many Gen Z’ers and Millennials think an honest conversation about money should happen before marriage proposals, according to the latest findings from Northwestern Mutual’s 2023 Planning & Progress Study.
Nearly one-third (32%) in Gen Z say the conversation about money should occur even before a relationship gets serious, and among Millennials the number is even higher (40%). More than 7 in 10 Americans (72%) across all ages believe this discussion should occur “well ahead of marriage or living together.”
| When an honest conversation about money should occur | All | Gen Z | Millennials | Gen X | Boomers+ |
| In the first few days and weeks of your relationship | 10% | 7% | 14% | 10% | 6% |
| After the initial stage of getting to know one another but before you decide to get serious | 20% | 25% | 26% | 17% | 16% |
| After you’re serious but well ahead of marriage or living together | 42% | 38% | 32% | 49% | 47% |
| Right before marriage or moving in together | 11% | 15% | 10% | 10% | 12% |
| Shortly after marriage or moving in together | 3% | 5% | 3% | 1% | 4% |
| Well after marriage or moving in together | 4% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 6% |
| Never | 11% | 8% | 12% | 10% | 10% |
“The rules for relationships are changing. First comes love, then comes real talk about financial dreams and debts, and then comes marriage,” said Christian Mitchell, chief customer officer at Northwestern Mutual. “By a wide margin, Americans believe that serious discussions about financial goals should happen before serious dating. But there is good news for anyone who is feeling anxious: a candid conversation about money can help a couple to fall in love with the future, too. Finances play a major role in many relationships, and more partners want to be on the same page before taking the plunge.”
The Value of Financial Compatibility
Money lies at the heart of many couples’ relationships – over a third (35%) say financial compatibility is more important than physical and intellectual compatibility. For younger couples, money is an even greater priority – half (49%) of Gen Z think financial compatibility is more important than physical compatibility.
“These findings put a new twist on what it means to have good chemistry between partners,” said Mitchell. “It is clear that all Americans, especially Gen Z, see financial compatibility as one of the core ingredients of a solid match.”
| Financial compatibility is more important than… | All | Gen Z | Millennials | Gen X | Boomers+ |
| Physical compatibility | 35% | 49% | 40% | 35% | 30% |
| Intellectual compatibility | 35% | 43% | 35% | 32% | 35% |
| Emotional compatibility | 14% | 20% | 13% | 14% | 14% |
| Lifestyle and interests compatibility | 29% | 41% | 31% | 29% | 27% |
| Spiritual compatibility | 41% | 49% | 35% | 42% | 43% |
Financial Compatibility Gets Better with Age
The survey found that younger couples struggle more than older couples with seeing eye-to-eye on finances, and that can cause a significant strain on their relationships. Boomers+ are almost 20% more likely than Gen Z to say that they see eye-to-eye with their partner about managing money. Boomers+ are also 25% less likely than Millennials to say that finances are a significant issue in their relationship.
| Seeing eye-to-eye | Gen Z | Millennials | Gen X | Boomers+ |
| Always or most of the time see eye-to-eye in how to manage household expenses | 67% | 77% | 72% | 85% |
| Money strains | Gen Z | Millennials | Gen X | Boomers+ |
| Finances are a significant challenge / the single most difficult issue we deal with in our relationship | 34% | 42% | 27% | 17% |
The good news is that financial challenges within relationships seem to improve with time. While 24% of Gen Z say that one person in the relationship blames the other for a financial decision that led to a significant loss of money, just 4% of Boomers+ said the same. Almost across the board, reports of financial challenges in relationships tended to slope downward as couples got older.
| Financial Challenges in a Relationship | Gen Z | Millennials | Gen X | Boomers+ |
| Merging and managing finances together has revealed differences in our approaches to spending and saving | 26% | 27% | 18% | 14% |
| We have different tolerance levels for financial risk and that has made investment decisions difficult | 31% | 22% | 18% | 12% |
| We have different incomes, and it has been hard to strike a balance of how to split expenses | 32% | 22% | 20% | 7% |
| One of us brought significantly more assets to the household, and it has therefore never felt like an equal partnership | 25% | 21% | 14% | 8% |
| One of us brought significantly more debt to the household, and it has been a point of tension | 18% | 23% | 12% | 5% |
| One of us blames the other for decisions that led to a loss of a significant amount of money (e.g., investments that didn’t pan out, a failed venture or otherwise) | 24% | 16% | 14% | 4% |
Among couples who have been together for more than five years, partners are much more likely to report becoming more financially compatible over time.
| Financial Compatibility Over Time | Millennials | Gen X | Boomers+ |
| We’ve become more compatible financially over time | 52% | 42% | 46% |
| We’ve become less compatible financially over time | 21% | 14% | 7% |
| Our financial compatibility hasn’t changed | 26% | 45% | 47% |
“Financial fusion is one of the best things for a harmonious relationship,” said Mitchell. “When couples collaborate and follow through on a financial plan, their compatibility grows. Shared values and a clear financial plan can act like a magnet, bringing partners closer together instead of pushing them apart.”
About The 2023 Northwestern Mutual Planning & Progress Study
The 2023 Planning & Progress Study was conducted by The Harris Poll on behalf of Northwestern Mutual among 2,740 U.S. adults aged 18 or older. The survey was conducted online between February 13 and March 2, 2023. Data are weighted where necessary by age, gender, race/ethnicity, region, education, marital status, household size, household income, and propensity to be online to bring them in line with their actual proportions in the population. A complete survey methodology is available.
About Northwestern Mutual
Northwestern Mutual has been helping people and businesses achieve financial security for more than 165 years. Through a comprehensive planning approach, Northwestern Mutual combines the expertise of its financial professionals with a personalized digital experience and industry-leading products to help its clients plan for what’s most important. With more than $570 billion of total assets being managed across the company’s institutional portfolio as well as retail investment client portfolios, nearly $35 billion in revenues, and $2.2 trillion worth of life insurance protection in force, Northwestern Mutual delivers financial security to more than five million people with life, disability income and long-term care insurance, annuities, and brokerage and advisory services. Northwestern Mutual ranked 111 on the 2023 FORTUNE 500.
Northwestern Mutual is the marketing name for The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company (NM), Milwaukee, WI (life and disability insurance, annuities, and life insurance with long-term care benefits) and its subsidiaries. Subsidiaries include Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC (NMIS) (investment brokerage services), broker-dealer, registered investment adviser, member FINRA and SIPC; the Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Company® (NMWMC) (investment advisory and services), federal savings bank; and Northwestern Long Term Care Insurance Company (NLTC) (long-term care insurance). Not all Northwestern Mutual representatives are advisors. Only those representatives with “Advisor” in their title or who otherwise disclose their status as an advisor of NMWMC are credentialed as NMWMC representatives to provide investment advisory services.
